Wednesday, 15 August 2012
Guías alimentarias para la parálisis periódica hipopotasémica
La guías alimentarias para la parálisis periódica hipopotasémica
Los cambios en su dieta puede ayudar a reducir la frecuencia de episodios de parálisis. Sin embargo,
usted todavía tendrá que tomar sus pastillas de potasio según lo prescrito por su médico.
Recomendaciones:
• Reducir el consumo de sal. No agregue sal al cocinar o en la mesa. Elige la sal
alimentos reducidos (por ejemplo, la margarina, los alimentos enlatados).
• Reducir y modificar su consumo de carbohidratos. Elija alimentos ricos en carbohidratos, que
digieren lentamente por el cuerpo. Estos incluyen panes y cereales, vegetales con almidón,
fruta y leche y el yogur.
Y Grupo de alimentos
Panes y cereales integrales, panes ™ de rollos de pan integral tostado y panecillos, los
pan de fruta, pan de pita.
™ cereales integrales / galletas multigrano, galletas dulces simples, por ejemplo, rico
El té, harina de trigo triturado.
™ de alta fibra de cereales para el desayuno egallbran, miniwheats, tostadas
muesli, special K, tutor, copos de avena, vita británicos.
™ Pasta de todo tipo, arroz de grano largo como el basmati o doongara
arroz.
Las verduras con almidón ™ camote y choclo, las papas Pontiac.
™ de leguminosas: frijoles, lentejas, garbanzos, frijoles al horno.
Frutas ™ de Apple, albaricoques secos, cerezas, naranjas, kiwis, plátanos,
melocotones (en jugo), peras, ciruelas.
La leche y el yogur de leche ™, yogur endulzado artificialmente, helados, natillas.
• Incluir un montón de alimentos ricos en potasio que son bajos en hidratos de carbono.
Por ejemplo:
o aguacate, almendras, nueces, nueces de macadamia, pacanas, queso, huevos, Bruselas
coles, coliflor, calabaza, tomates, espinacas, espárragos, repollo,
brócoli, champiñones, nueces, mantequilla de maní.
* Evite el alcohol.
Dietary guidelines for hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Dietary guidelines for hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Changes to your diet may help reduce the frequency of episodes of paralysis. However,
you will still need to take your potassium tablets as prescribed by your doctor.
Recommendations:
• Reduce your salt intake. Do not add salt in cooking or at the table. Choose salt
reduced foods (eg margarine, canned foods).
• Reduce and modify your carbohydrate intake. Choose carbohydrate foods which are
digested slowly by the body. These include breads and cereals, starchy vegetables,
fruit and milk and yoghurt.
Food group Choose
Breads and cereals ™ Wholegrain breads, wholegrain bread rolls and toasting muffins,
fruit loaf, pita bread.
™ Wholegrain/multigrain crackers, plain sweet biscuits e.g. Rich
Tea, shredded wheatmeal.
™ High fibre breakfast cereals e.g.allbran, miniwheats, toasted
muesli, special K, guardian, rolled oats, vita brits.
™ Pasta of all types, long grain rice such as basmati or doongara
rice.
Starchy vegetables ™ Sweet potato and corn, pontiac potatoes.
™ Legumes: kidney beans, lentils, chickpeas, baked beans.
Fruit ™ Apple, dried apricots, cherries, orange, kiwifruit, bananas,
peaches (in juice), pears, plums.
Milk and yoghurt ™ Milk, artificially sweetened yoghurt, ice-cream, custard.
• Include plenty of high potassium foods which are low in carbohydrate.
For example:
o Avocado, almonds, walnuts, macadamias, pecans, cheese, eggs, brussel
sprouts, cauliflower, pumpkin, tomatoes, spinach, asparagus, cabbage,
broccoli, mushrooms, nuts, peanut butter.
*Avoid alcohol.
Monday, 25 April 2011
Sunday, 10 April 2011
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis Definition:
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition of intermittent episodes of muscle weakness and sometimes severe paralysis. It is one of a group of genetic disorders that includes hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
This disorder is distinguished from other forms of periodic paralysis in that people with this disorder have normal thyroid function and very low blood levels of potassium during episodes of weakness.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a congenital (present from birth) condition. It can be inherited but occasionally occurs as a result of a non-inherited genetic mutation that affects just the sperm or the egg cell. In most cases, it is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder (only one parent must transmit the gene for the baby to be affected).
The disorder involves attacks of muscle weakness or paralysis alternating with periods of normal muscle function. Attacks usually begin in adolescence, but they can occur before age 10. Attacks of intermittent weakness that do not begin until adulthood are rare and are usually caused by other disorders.
The frequency of attacks varies from daily to yearly. Episodes of muscle weakness usually last between a few hours and one day. Other forms of periodic paralysis may last longer.
During an attack of muscle weakness, there is a low level of potassium in the bloodstream. Serum potassium levels are normal between attacks. There is no decrease in total body potassium, however. Potassium flows from the bloodstream into muscle cells during attacks.
Insulin levels may affect the course of the disorder in some people because insulin increases the flow of potassium into cells.
Weakness most commonly affects the muscles of the arms and legs, but it may occasionally affect the eye muscles or the muscles involved in breathing and swallowing (which can be fatal).
Although muscle strength is initially normal between attacks, repeated attacks may eventually cause worsening and permanent muscle weakness between attacks.
Attacks may be triggered by eating meals high in carbohydrate or salt, or by consuming alcohol. Attacks most commonly occur after sleep or rest and are rare during exercise, but rest after an exercise period may trigger an attack. The risk is slightly higher in Asian men who also have thyroid disorders (thyrotoxic periodic paralysis).
Risks include having other family members with periodic paralysis.
This disorder is distinguished from other forms of periodic paralysis in that people with this disorder have normal thyroid function and very low blood levels of potassium during episodes of weakness.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a congenital (present from birth) condition. It can be inherited but occasionally occurs as a result of a non-inherited genetic mutation that affects just the sperm or the egg cell. In most cases, it is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder (only one parent must transmit the gene for the baby to be affected).
The disorder involves attacks of muscle weakness or paralysis alternating with periods of normal muscle function. Attacks usually begin in adolescence, but they can occur before age 10. Attacks of intermittent weakness that do not begin until adulthood are rare and are usually caused by other disorders.
The frequency of attacks varies from daily to yearly. Episodes of muscle weakness usually last between a few hours and one day. Other forms of periodic paralysis may last longer.
During an attack of muscle weakness, there is a low level of potassium in the bloodstream. Serum potassium levels are normal between attacks. There is no decrease in total body potassium, however. Potassium flows from the bloodstream into muscle cells during attacks.
Insulin levels may affect the course of the disorder in some people because insulin increases the flow of potassium into cells.
Weakness most commonly affects the muscles of the arms and legs, but it may occasionally affect the eye muscles or the muscles involved in breathing and swallowing (which can be fatal).
Although muscle strength is initially normal between attacks, repeated attacks may eventually cause worsening and permanent muscle weakness between attacks.
Attacks may be triggered by eating meals high in carbohydrate or salt, or by consuming alcohol. Attacks most commonly occur after sleep or rest and are rare during exercise, but rest after an exercise period may trigger an attack. The risk is slightly higher in Asian men who also have thyroid disorders (thyrotoxic periodic paralysis).
Risks include having other family members with periodic paralysis.
Tuesday, 14 December 2010
Excessive consumption of cola drinks can cause muscle problems
"In this regard, there is growing evidence that allow us to suggest that excess consumption of these drinks tail may also result in hypokalemia, which drop the blood potassium levels, end up causing an adverse effect on vital functions of muscles. "
According to the definition posted on Wikipedia, the "hypokalemia" (also known as hypokalemia) is a disorder in body fluid balance, characterized by decreased levels of potassium ion (K) blood, with levels below 3.5mmol/lt.
Hypokalemia has several causes. The most common are decreased intake, increased potassium losses (which can be taken for kidney or vomiting and diarrhea), increased substance called renin (which increases aldosterone), Cushing Syndrome (where there is an increase in the levels of glucocorticorticoides, which also have mineralocorticoid effect as aldosterone), hyperglycemia (by causing diuresis, etc.).
Because potassium is responsible for facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses across the cell membrane, the symptoms of this disorder include fatigue, myalgia (muscle pain), you can get to be a progressive weakness and possible paralysis hypoventilation.
DIFFERENT EFFECTS
The research conducted by Dr. Elisaf and colleagues has shown that the symptoms found can vary from very mild to profound weakness or partial paralysis.
Fortunately, all the patients studied achieved a rapid and complete recovery after having stopped drinking these beverages or receive oral or intravenous potassium supplements.
In the studies analyzed patients had daily intakes that ranged from two to nine liters of cola per day. Even, there were two cases of pregnant women were admitted to hospital consultation exhibiting low levels of potassium.
The first 21 years of age, admitted drinking three liters of cola per day and complained of symptoms of fatigue, loss of appetite and vomiting. An electrocardiogram also revealed that he had a heart blockage, while blood tests showed they had low levels of potassium.
The second also had low levels of potassium and suffering of the growing weakness. It turned out he had been drinking up to seven liters of cola per day for the past 10 months.
Among the findings is discussed that the hypokalemia may be caused by excessive consumption of three of the most common ingredients found in colas: glucose, fructose and caffeine.
"The individual role of each of these ingredients in the pathophysiology of hypokalemia induced by this type of beverage has not been determined and can vary in different patients,.
El consumo excesivo de bebidas cola puede generar problemas musculares
"Al respecto, tenemos cada vez más evidencias que nos permiten sugerir que el exceso de consumo de estas bebidas cola puede también dar lugar a hipopotasemia, en la que la caída los niveles de potasio en sangre, terminan provocando un efecto adverso en las funciones vitales de los músculos".
De acuerdo a la definición que se publica en la Wikipedia, la "hipopotasemia" (también conocida como hipokalemia), es un trastorno en el equilibrio hidroelectrolítico del cuerpo, que se caracteriza por un descenso en los niveles del ion potasio (K) en la sangre, con niveles por debajo de 3.5mmol/lt.
La hipokalemia tiene varias causas. Entre las más frecuentes están una ingestión disminuida, un aumento en las pérdidas de potasio (estas pueden ser renales o darse por vómitos y diarreas), el aumento de la sustancia conocida como renina (que hace que aumente la aldosterona), el Síndrome de Cushing (en el cual hay un aumento en los niveles de glucocorticorticoides, los cuales tienen también efecto mineralcorticoide como la aldosterona), la hiperglucemia (por la diuresis que provoca), etc.
Debido a que el potasio se encarga de facilitar la transmisión del impulso nervioso a través de la membrana celular, los síntomas de este trastorno son: cansancio, mialgias (dolor muscular), puede llegar a haber una debilidad progresiva con hipoventilación y posible páralisis completa.
Entre las conclusiones se comenta que la hipopotasemia puede ser causada por el consumo excesivo de tres de los ingredientes más comunes presentes en las bebidas cola: glucosa, fructosa y cafeína.
"El papel individual de cada uno de estos ingredientes en la fisiopatología de la hipopotasemia inducida por este tipo de bebida no se ha determinado y puede variar según los distintos pacientes,.
Tuesday, 9 November 2010
Symptoms of low potassium?
Potassium affects the way neuromuscular cells discharge energy (depolarize) and then regenerate (repolarize) that energy to be able to fire again. When potassium levels are low, the cells cannot repolarize and are unable to fire repeatedly, as is needed for the function of muscles and nerves. It is understandable then that the effects of low potassium include
1) muscle weakness,
2) muscle aches, and
3) muscle cramps.
( A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. When we use the muscles that can voluntarily be controlled, such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract and relax as we move our limbs. Muscles that support our head, neck, and trunk contract similarly in a synchronized fashion to maintain our posture. A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) that involuntarily (without consciously willing it) contracts is called a "spasm." If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp.)
Since the heart is also a muscle, there can be some changes in the electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) What is an electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)?
(the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a noninvasive test that is used to reflect underlying heart conditions by measuring the electrical activity of the heart. By positioning leads (electrical sensing devices) on the body in standardized locations, information about many heart conditions can be learned by looking for characteristic patterns on the EKG.)
that are associated with hypokalemia, especially in the repolarization section of the EKG tracing.
Palpitations ( Palpitations are the unpleasant sensations of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart in the chest. This symptom can be caused by a change in the rate or rhythm, or by an increase in the force of the contraction of the heart muscle. In some patients with palpitations, no heart disease or abnormal heart rhythms can be found. In others, palpitations result from abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are heartbeats that are too slow, too rapid, irregular, or too early.) (irregular heartbeats) may be perceived by the patient. In severe cases, hypokalemia can lead to dangerous disturbances in heart rhythm (arrhythmias).
1) muscle weakness,
2) muscle aches, and
3) muscle cramps.
( A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. When we use the muscles that can voluntarily be controlled, such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract and relax as we move our limbs. Muscles that support our head, neck, and trunk contract similarly in a synchronized fashion to maintain our posture. A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) that involuntarily (without consciously willing it) contracts is called a "spasm." If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp.)
Since the heart is also a muscle, there can be some changes in the electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) What is an electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)?
(the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a noninvasive test that is used to reflect underlying heart conditions by measuring the electrical activity of the heart. By positioning leads (electrical sensing devices) on the body in standardized locations, information about many heart conditions can be learned by looking for characteristic patterns on the EKG.)
that are associated with hypokalemia, especially in the repolarization section of the EKG tracing.
Palpitations ( Palpitations are the unpleasant sensations of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart in the chest. This symptom can be caused by a change in the rate or rhythm, or by an increase in the force of the contraction of the heart muscle. In some patients with palpitations, no heart disease or abnormal heart rhythms can be found. In others, palpitations result from abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are heartbeats that are too slow, too rapid, irregular, or too early.) (irregular heartbeats) may be perceived by the patient. In severe cases, hypokalemia can lead to dangerous disturbances in heart rhythm (arrhythmias).
Monday, 4 October 2010
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition in which a person has episodes of muscle weakness and sometimes severe paralysis.
The condition is congenital, which means it is present from birth. In most cases, it is passed down through families (inherited) as an autosomal dominant disorder. That means only one parent needs to pass the gene related to this condition on to you in order for you to be affected.
Occasionally, the condition may be the result of a genetic problem that is not inherited.
Unlike other forms of periodic paralysis, persons with congenital hypokalemic periodic paralysis have normal thyroid function and very low blood levels of potassium during episodes of weakness. This results from potassium moving from the blood into muscle cells in an abnormal way.
Risks include having other family members with periodic paralysis. The risk is slightly higher in Asian men who also have thyroid disordersthyroid disorders.
Disorders that cause intermittent episodes of paralysis as their primary effect are uncommon. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis occurs in approximately 1 out of 100,000 people.
The disorder involves attacks of muscle weakness or loss of muscle movement (paralysis) that come and go. Initially, there is normal muscle strength between attacks.
Attacks usually begin in adolescence, but they can occur before age 10. Attacks that do not begin until adulthood are rare in people with hypokalemic periodic paralysis and are usually caused by other disorders.
How often the attacks occur varies. Some people have attacks every day, while others have them once a year. Episodes of muscle weakness usually last between a few hours and a day.
The weakness or paralysisparalysis:
* Most commonly is located at the shoulders and hips
* May also affect the arms, legs, muscles of the eyes, and muscles that help you breathe and swallow
* Occurs intermittently
* Most commonly occurs on awakening
* Most commonly occurs after sleep or rest
* Is rare during exercise, but may be triggered by rest after exercise
* May be triggered by heavy, high-carbohydrate, high-salt meals or alcohol consumption
* Usually lasts 3 - 24 hours
Other symptoms may include:
* Eyelid myotonia (a condition in which after opening and closing the eyes, the patient cannot open them for a short time)
Note: The patient's thinking remains alert during attacks.
Between attacks, a physical examination shows nothing abnormal. Before an attack, there may be leg stiffness or heaviness in the legs.
During an attack of muscle weakness, the blood potassium level is low. This confirms the diagnosis. There is no decrease in total body potassium, and blood potassium levels are normal between attacks.
During an attack, muscle reflexes may be decreased or absent, and muscles go limp rather than staying stiff. The muscle groups near the body, such as shoulders and hips, are involved more often than the arms and legs.
* An ECGECG or heart tracing may be abnormal during attacks.
* An EMGEMG or muscle tracing is usually normal between attacks and abnormal during attacks.
* A muscle biopsymuscle biopsy may show abnormalities.
Muscle weakness that involves the breathing or swallowing muscles is an emergency situation. Dangerous heart arrhythmiasarrhythmias may also occur during attacks.
The goals of treatment are relief of symptoms and prevention of further attacks.
Potassium that is given during an attack may stop the attack. It is preferred that potassium be given by mouth, but if weakness is severe, potassium may need to be given through a vein (IV). Note: Potassium, especially intravenous potassium, should be given with caution, especially in individuals with kidney disease.
Taking potassium supplements will not prevent attacks.
Avoiding alcohol and eating a low-carbohydrate diet may help.
A medicine called acetazolamide prevents attacks in many cases. If you take this medicine, your doctor may tell you to also take potassium supplements because acetazolamide may cause your body to lose potassium.
Triamterene or spironolactone may help to prevent attacks in people who do not respond to acetazolamide.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis responds well to treatment. Treatment may prevent, and even reverse, progressive muscle weakness. Although muscle strength is initially normal between attacks, repeated attacks may eventually cause worsening and permanent muscle weakness between attacks.
Possible Complications
* Kidney stonesKidney stones (a side effect of acetazolamide)
* Heart arrhythmias during attacks
* Difficulty breathingDifficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowing during attacks (rare)
* Progressive muscle weakness
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis cannot be prevented. Because it can be inherited, genetic counseling may be advised for couples at risk for the disorder.
Treatment prevents attacks of weakness. Before an attack, there may be leg stiffness or heaviness in the legs. Performing mild exercise when these symptoms start may help prevent a full-blown attack.
The condition is congenital, which means it is present from birth. In most cases, it is passed down through families (inherited) as an autosomal dominant disorder. That means only one parent needs to pass the gene related to this condition on to you in order for you to be affected.
Occasionally, the condition may be the result of a genetic problem that is not inherited.
Unlike other forms of periodic paralysis, persons with congenital hypokalemic periodic paralysis have normal thyroid function and very low blood levels of potassium during episodes of weakness. This results from potassium moving from the blood into muscle cells in an abnormal way.
Risks include having other family members with periodic paralysis. The risk is slightly higher in Asian men who also have thyroid disordersthyroid disorders.
Disorders that cause intermittent episodes of paralysis as their primary effect are uncommon. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis occurs in approximately 1 out of 100,000 people.
The disorder involves attacks of muscle weakness or loss of muscle movement (paralysis) that come and go. Initially, there is normal muscle strength between attacks.
Attacks usually begin in adolescence, but they can occur before age 10. Attacks that do not begin until adulthood are rare in people with hypokalemic periodic paralysis and are usually caused by other disorders.
How often the attacks occur varies. Some people have attacks every day, while others have them once a year. Episodes of muscle weakness usually last between a few hours and a day.
The weakness or paralysisparalysis:
* Most commonly is located at the shoulders and hips
* May also affect the arms, legs, muscles of the eyes, and muscles that help you breathe and swallow
* Occurs intermittently
* Most commonly occurs on awakening
* Most commonly occurs after sleep or rest
* Is rare during exercise, but may be triggered by rest after exercise
* May be triggered by heavy, high-carbohydrate, high-salt meals or alcohol consumption
* Usually lasts 3 - 24 hours
Other symptoms may include:
* Eyelid myotonia (a condition in which after opening and closing the eyes, the patient cannot open them for a short time)
Note: The patient's thinking remains alert during attacks.
Between attacks, a physical examination shows nothing abnormal. Before an attack, there may be leg stiffness or heaviness in the legs.
During an attack of muscle weakness, the blood potassium level is low. This confirms the diagnosis. There is no decrease in total body potassium, and blood potassium levels are normal between attacks.
During an attack, muscle reflexes may be decreased or absent, and muscles go limp rather than staying stiff. The muscle groups near the body, such as shoulders and hips, are involved more often than the arms and legs.
* An ECGECG or heart tracing may be abnormal during attacks.
* An EMGEMG or muscle tracing is usually normal between attacks and abnormal during attacks.
* A muscle biopsymuscle biopsy may show abnormalities.
Muscle weakness that involves the breathing or swallowing muscles is an emergency situation. Dangerous heart arrhythmiasarrhythmias may also occur during attacks.
The goals of treatment are relief of symptoms and prevention of further attacks.
Potassium that is given during an attack may stop the attack. It is preferred that potassium be given by mouth, but if weakness is severe, potassium may need to be given through a vein (IV). Note: Potassium, especially intravenous potassium, should be given with caution, especially in individuals with kidney disease.
Taking potassium supplements will not prevent attacks.
Avoiding alcohol and eating a low-carbohydrate diet may help.
A medicine called acetazolamide prevents attacks in many cases. If you take this medicine, your doctor may tell you to also take potassium supplements because acetazolamide may cause your body to lose potassium.
Triamterene or spironolactone may help to prevent attacks in people who do not respond to acetazolamide.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis responds well to treatment. Treatment may prevent, and even reverse, progressive muscle weakness. Although muscle strength is initially normal between attacks, repeated attacks may eventually cause worsening and permanent muscle weakness between attacks.
Possible Complications
* Kidney stonesKidney stones (a side effect of acetazolamide)
* Heart arrhythmias during attacks
* Difficulty breathingDifficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowing during attacks (rare)
* Progressive muscle weakness
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis cannot be prevented. Because it can be inherited, genetic counseling may be advised for couples at risk for the disorder.
Treatment prevents attacks of weakness. Before an attack, there may be leg stiffness or heaviness in the legs. Performing mild exercise when these symptoms start may help prevent a full-blown attack.
Friday, 24 September 2010
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)